文獻名：Engineered Three-Dimensional Microenvironments with Starch Nanocrystals as Cell-Instructive Materials 

作者：Susanna Piluso,¥‡ Marianne Labet,§Chen Zhou,¥ Jin Won Seo,¥ Wim Thielemans,§and Jennifer Patterson¥‡‖

 ¥Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium

‡Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering

‖Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium

§Renewable Materials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Department of Chemical

Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk,Belgium

摘要：In this work, we report the first molecular weight-controlled amphiphilic polybetaine synthesis using various hydrocarbons via reversible addition?fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The experimental separation of the alkyl aminocrotonate tautomers, which has been the subject of debate, was completed for the first time. The enamine form of these tautomers was further used as a monomer for the RAFT polymerization of amphiphilic polycarboxybetaines. Self-assembly of the amphiphilic polycarboxybetaines showed micelle structures from spherical, rod-like to fractal in the aqueous media due to the competition between both electrostatic and hydrophobic forces. Hydrophobically dominant interactions among amphiphilic polycarboxybetaines and long-chain hydrocarbon alkane molecules were investigated to understand long-chain hydrocarbon alkane crystallization using alkane crystal deposition and viscosity experiments. Strong hydrophobic forces between poly(hexadecyl-grafted aminocrotonate?methacrylic acid) and long-chain hydrocarbon alkane molecules changed the surface properties of the long-chain hydrocarbon alkane nucleus and inhibited the growth of paraffin crystals.